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1. EBS Volume Types
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1-1. What is EBS Volume Types
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1-2. EBS Volume Type Use cases
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1-3. EBS Volume Types Summary
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2. EBS Multi-Attach
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3. EBS Encryption
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3-1. What's EBS Encryption?
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3-2. Encryption: encrypt and unencrypted EBS Volume
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3-3. ์ค์ต
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โญ 3-3-1. ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
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โญ 3-3-2. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
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โญ 3-3-3. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
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โญ 3-3-4. ๋น์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท โ ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ

1. EBS Volume Types
1-1. What is EBS Volume Types
โถ EBS Volumes come in 6 types
- gp2 / gp3 (SSD): General purpose SSD volume that balances price and performance for a wide variety of workloads.
- io 1 / io 2 Block Express (SSD): Highest-performance SSD volume for mission-critical low-latency or high-throughput workloads
- st 1 (HDD): Low cost HDD volume designed for frequently accessed, throughput-intensive workloads
- sc 1 (HDD): Lowest cost HDD volume desinged for less frequently accessed workloads
โถ EBS Volumes are characterized in Size | Throughput | IOPS (I/O Ops Per Sec)
โถ When in doubt always consult the AWS documentation - it's good!
โถ Only gp2 / gp3 and io1 / io2 Block Express can be used as boot volumes where OS starts
https://awesomepossum.tistory.com/604
[AWS] EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์ ํ (SSD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ & HDD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ), EBS Snapshot
1. Amazon EBS ๋ธ๋ญ ์คํ ๋ฆฌ์ง Ephemeral โ EC2 Instance Store (์ธ์คํด์ค ์ข ๋ฃ ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง)Persistent โ Amazon EBS (๋ธ๋ก ์ ์ฅ), Amazon S3 (๊ฐ์ฒด ์ ์ฅ) ์๋ง์กด ์ ์ฅ์ ์ค์ ๋ธ๋ญ ์ ์ฅ์(Amazon Block Storage)๋ผ๊ณ ํ
awesomepossum.tistory.com
1-2. EBS Volume Type Use cases
โญ ์ํ์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฒ์ฉ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ธ GP2, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ Provisioned IOP ๋ณผ๋ฅจ

General Purpose SSD - gp3, gp2
- Cost effective storage, low-latency
- System boot volumes, Virtual desktops, Development and test enviroments
- 1 Gib - 16 Tib
- gp3: Baseline of 3,000 IOPS and throughput of 125 MiB/s
- gp3: Can increase IOPS up to 16,000 and throughput up to 1000 MiB/s independently
- gp2: Small gp2 volumes can burst IOPS to 3,000
- gp2: Size of the volume and IOPS are linked, max IOPS in 16,000
- 3 IOPS per GB, means at 5,334 GB we are at the max IOPS
GP2์ GP3๋ ๋น์ฉ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์คํ ๋ฆฌ์ง์ ๋ฎ์ ์ง์ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ์ํ ์ ํ์ด๋ค.
GP3์์๋ IOP์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋์ ๋ ๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ ํ ์ ์์ง๋ง, GP2์์๋ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ค.
Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) SSD - io1, io2
- Critical business applications with sustained IOPS performance
- Or applications that need more than 16,000 IOPS
- Great for databases workloads (sensitive to storage perf and consistency)
io1 (4 Gib - 16 Tib):
- - Max PIOPS: 64,000 for Nitro EC2 instances & 32,000 for other
- - Can increase PIOPS independently from storage size
io2 Block Express (4 GiB - 64 TiB):
- - Sub-millisecond latency
- - Max PIOPS: 256,000 with an IOPS:GiB ratio of 1,000: 1
๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ IO๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ด๊ณ Provisioned IOP Volumes์ EBS Multi-attach(๋ค์ค ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๋ค.
Hard Disk Drives (HDD) - st1, sc1
- Cannot be a boot volume
- 125 GiB to 16 TiB
Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)
- Big Data, Data Warehouses, Log Processing
- Max throughput 500 MiB/s - max IOPS 500
Cold HDD (sc1)
- For data that is infrequently accessed
- Scenarios where lowest cost is important
- Max throughput 250 MiB/s - max IOPS 250

โ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ โ ๋ฒ์ฉ SSD์ ํ๋ก๋น์ ๋๋ IOP SSD
โ ๋์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ๋น์ฉ โ ST1, SC2
โ 32,000 ์ด์์ IOP โ EC2 Nitro์ io1 ๋๋ io2 ์ฌ์ฉ
1-3. EBS Volume Types Summary

2. EBS Multi-Attach

- Only available for io1 / io2 family
- (io1 / io2 ์ ํ๊ตฐ์์๋ง ์ฌ์ฉ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)
- Attach the same EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances in the same AZ
- (ํ๋์ EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ๊ฐ์ AZ(๊ฐ์ฉ์์ญ)์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ EC2 ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)
- Each instance has full read & write permissions to the high-performance volume
- Up to 16 EC2 Instances at a time (ํ ๋ฒ์ 16๊ฐ์ EC2 ์ธ์คํด์ค๋ง ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅ)
- Must use a file system that's cluster-aware (not XF2, EX4, etc...)
- (๋ค์ค์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์คํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋์ ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ ์ธ์ ํ์ผ ์์คํ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํด์ผ ํจ)
Use case:
- Achieve higher application availability in clustered Linux applications (ex:Teradata)
- Applications must manage concurrent write operations
3. EBS Encryption
3-1. What's EBS Encryption?
โถ When you create encrypted volume, you get the following:
- Data at rest is encrypted inside the volulme
- All the data in flight moving between the instance and the volume is encrypted
- All snapshots are encrypted
- All volumes created from the snapshot
โถ Encryption and decryption are handled transparently (you have nothing to do)
โถ Encryption has a minimal impact on latency - ์ง์ฐ์๊ฐ์ ์ํฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ ์์
โถ EBS Encryption leverages keys from KMS (AES-256)
โถ Copying an unencrypted snapshot allows encryption (์ค๋ ์ท์ ๋ณต์ฌํด ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ํผ ๊ฑธ ๋ค์ ์ํธํ ํ์ฑํจ)
EBS ์ํธํ๋ AWS๊ฐ ์๋์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํด์ฃผ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด์ผ. ์ ์ฅ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ, ์ค๋ ์ท๊น์ง ๋ชจ๋ ์ํธํ๋ผ. AES-256 ๋ฐฉ์์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๋ณด์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ , ์ฑ๋ฅ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ์์. ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณตํธํ ๊ณผ์ ๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ค์ ํ ํ์ ์์ด ์์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฅํ ์ ์์ด!
3-2. Encryption: encrypt and unencrypted EBS Volume
- Create an EBS snapshot of the volume
- Encrypt the EBS snapshot (using copy)
- Create new EBS volume from the snapshot (the volume will also be encrypted)
- Now you can attach the encrypted volume to the original instance
EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์ํธํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ ์ค๋ ์ท์ ์์ฑ ํ ํ, ์ค๋ ์ท์ ๋ณต์ฌํ๋ฉด์ ์ํธํ ํ๋ฉด ๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋ค์, ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท์ ์ด์ฉํด ์๋ก์ด EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑ ํ๋ฉด ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ํธํ๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋๊ณ , ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์๋ ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋!
3-3. ์ค์ต
- ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ โ ์ค๋ ์ท๋ ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์
- ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ โ ์ค๋ ์ท๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ํธํ๋จ
โญ 3-3-1. ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Volumes > Create volume > Encryption์์ Encrypt this volume์ ์ฒดํฌ ํด์ ํ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ




โญ 3-3-2. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ์ด๋ฏธ ์์ฑ๋ Not encrypted ์ค๋ ์ท ์ ํ > Actions > Copy snapshot > Encryption์์ Encrypt this snapshot ์ฒดํฌ > ์ด ๋ Destination Region์ ๋์ผํ Region์์ ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๋ฉด ์ค๋ ์ท์ด ์ํธํ ๋๋ค


โญ 3-3-3. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์ฒดํฌ > Create volume from snapshot
์ด ๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก Encryption ์น์ ์์ ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํจ.
์? underlying snapshot is encrypted


โญ 3-3-4. ๋น์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท โ ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ๋น์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์ฒดํฌ > Create volume from snapshot > Encrypt this volume ํ์ฑํ ์ฒดํฌ > KMS key ์์ aws/ebs ํค ์ ํํ ํ ์ค๋ ์ท ์์ฑ
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋น์ํธ์ ์ค๋ ์ท์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑํ ์ ์๋ค.
'AWS' ์นดํ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ

1. EBS Volume Types
1-1. What is EBS Volume Types
โถ EBS Volumes come in 6 types
- gp2 / gp3 (SSD): General purpose SSD volume that balances price and performance for a wide variety of workloads.
- io 1 / io 2 Block Express (SSD): Highest-performance SSD volume for mission-critical low-latency or high-throughput workloads
- st 1 (HDD): Low cost HDD volume designed for frequently accessed, throughput-intensive workloads
- sc 1 (HDD): Lowest cost HDD volume desinged for less frequently accessed workloads
โถ EBS Volumes are characterized in Size | Throughput | IOPS (I/O Ops Per Sec)
โถ When in doubt always consult the AWS documentation - it's good!
โถ Only gp2 / gp3 and io1 / io2 Block Express can be used as boot volumes where OS starts
https://awesomepossum.tistory.com/604
[AWS] EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์ ํ (SSD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ & HDD ๊ธฐ๋ฐ), EBS Snapshot
1. Amazon EBS ๋ธ๋ญ ์คํ ๋ฆฌ์ง Ephemeral โ EC2 Instance Store (์ธ์คํด์ค ์ข ๋ฃ ์ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ ์ฌ๋ผ์ง)Persistent โ Amazon EBS (๋ธ๋ก ์ ์ฅ), Amazon S3 (๊ฐ์ฒด ์ ์ฅ) ์๋ง์กด ์ ์ฅ์ ์ค์ ๋ธ๋ญ ์ ์ฅ์(Amazon Block Storage)๋ผ๊ณ ํ
awesomepossum.tistory.com
1-2. EBS Volume Type Use cases
โญ ์ํ์์ ๊ฐ์ฅ ์ค์ํ ๊ฒ์ ๋ฒ์ฉ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ธ GP2, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ Provisioned IOP ๋ณผ๋ฅจ

General Purpose SSD - gp3, gp2
- Cost effective storage, low-latency
- System boot volumes, Virtual desktops, Development and test enviroments
- 1 Gib - 16 Tib
- gp3: Baseline of 3,000 IOPS and throughput of 125 MiB/s
- gp3: Can increase IOPS up to 16,000 and throughput up to 1000 MiB/s independently
- gp2: Small gp2 volumes can burst IOPS to 3,000
- gp2: Size of the volume and IOPS are linked, max IOPS in 16,000
- 3 IOPS per GB, means at 5,334 GB we are at the max IOPS
GP2์ GP3๋ ๋น์ฉ ํจ์จ์ ์ธ ์คํ ๋ฆฌ์ง์ ๋ฎ์ ์ง์ฐ ์๊ฐ์ ์ํ ์ ํ์ด๋ค.
GP3์์๋ IOP์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋์ ๋ ๋ฆฝ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ค์ ํ ์ ์์ง๋ง, GP2์์๋ ์๋ก ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๋ค.
Provisioned IOPS (PIOPS) SSD - io1, io2
- Critical business applications with sustained IOPS performance
- Or applications that need more than 16,000 IOPS
- Great for databases workloads (sensitive to storage perf and consistency)
io1 (4 Gib - 16 Tib):
- - Max PIOPS: 64,000 for Nitro EC2 instances & 32,000 for other
- - Can increase PIOPS independently from storage size
io2 Block Express (4 GiB - 64 TiB):
- - Sub-millisecond latency
- - Max PIOPS: 256,000 with an IOPS:GiB ratio of 1,000: 1
๊ณ ์ฑ๋ฅ์ IO๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ด๊ณ Provisioned IOP Volumes์ EBS Multi-attach(๋ค์ค ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)๋ฅผ ์ง์ํ๋ค.
Hard Disk Drives (HDD) - st1, sc1
- Cannot be a boot volume
- 125 GiB to 16 TiB
Throughput Optimized HDD (st1)
- Big Data, Data Warehouses, Log Processing
- Max throughput 500 MiB/s - max IOPS 500
Cold HDD (sc1)
- For data that is infrequently accessed
- Scenarios where lowest cost is important
- Max throughput 250 MiB/s - max IOPS 250

โ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฒ ์ด์ค๊ฐ ํ์ํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ โ ๋ฒ์ฉ SSD์ ํ๋ก๋น์ ๋๋ IOP SSD
โ ๋์ ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋ฎ์ ๋น์ฉ โ ST1, SC2
โ 32,000 ์ด์์ IOP โ EC2 Nitro์ io1 ๋๋ io2 ์ฌ์ฉ
1-3. EBS Volume Types Summary

2. EBS Multi-Attach

- Only available for io1 / io2 family
- (io1 / io2 ์ ํ๊ตฐ์์๋ง ์ฌ์ฉ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)
- Attach the same EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances in the same AZ
- (ํ๋์ EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ๊ฐ์ AZ(๊ฐ์ฉ์์ญ)์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ EC2 ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ํด ์ฃผ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ)
- Each instance has full read & write permissions to the high-performance volume
- Up to 16 EC2 Instances at a time (ํ ๋ฒ์ 16๊ฐ์ EC2 ์ธ์คํด์ค๋ง ์ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ๋ฅ)
- Must use a file system that's cluster-aware (not XF2, EX4, etc...)
- (๋ค์ค์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ ์คํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฐ๋์ ํด๋ฌ์คํฐ ์ธ์ ํ์ผ ์์คํ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํด์ผ ํจ)
Use case:
- Achieve higher application availability in clustered Linux applications (ex:Teradata)
- Applications must manage concurrent write operations
3. EBS Encryption
3-1. What's EBS Encryption?
โถ When you create encrypted volume, you get the following:
- Data at rest is encrypted inside the volulme
- All the data in flight moving between the instance and the volume is encrypted
- All snapshots are encrypted
- All volumes created from the snapshot
โถ Encryption and decryption are handled transparently (you have nothing to do)
โถ Encryption has a minimal impact on latency - ์ง์ฐ์๊ฐ์ ์ํฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์ ์์
โถ EBS Encryption leverages keys from KMS (AES-256)
โถ Copying an unencrypted snapshot allows encryption (์ค๋ ์ท์ ๋ณต์ฌํด ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ํผ ๊ฑธ ๋ค์ ์ํธํ ํ์ฑํจ)
EBS ์ํธํ๋ AWS๊ฐ ์๋์ผ๋ก ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํด์ฃผ๋ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ด์ผ. ์ ์ฅ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฟ๋ง ์๋๋ผ ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ, ์ค๋ ์ท๊น์ง ๋ชจ๋ ์ํธํ๋ผ. AES-256 ๋ฐฉ์์ ๊ฐ๋ ฅํ ๋ณด์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๊ณ , ์ฑ๋ฅ์๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ์ํฅ์ ์ฃผ์ง ์์. ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณตํธํ ๊ณผ์ ๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ฒ๋ฆฌ๋๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋ฐ๋ก ์ค์ ํ ํ์ ์์ด ์์ ํ๊ฒ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์ฅํ ์ ์์ด!
3-2. Encryption: encrypt and unencrypted EBS Volume
- Create an EBS snapshot of the volume
- Encrypt the EBS snapshot (using copy)
- Create new EBS volume from the snapshot (the volume will also be encrypted)
- Now you can attach the encrypted volume to the original instance
EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์ํธํํ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ ์ค๋ ์ท์ ์์ฑ ํ ํ, ์ค๋ ์ท์ ๋ณต์ฌํ๋ฉด์ ์ํธํ ํ๋ฉด ๋ผ. ๊ทธ๋ค์, ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท์ ์ด์ฉํด ์๋ก์ด EBS ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑ ํ๋ฉด ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ํธํ๋ ์ํ๊ฐ ๋๊ณ , ์ด์ ์ด ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์๋ ์ธ์คํด์ค์ ๋ถ์ฌ์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋!
3-3. ์ค์ต
- ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ โ ์ค๋ ์ท๋ ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์
- ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ โ ์ค๋ ์ท๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก ์ํธํ๋จ
โญ 3-3-1. ์ํธํ๋์ง ์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Volumes > Create volume > Encryption์์ Encrypt this volume์ ์ฒดํฌ ํด์ ํ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑ




โญ 3-3-2. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ์ด๋ฏธ ์์ฑ๋ Not encrypted ์ค๋ ์ท ์ ํ > Actions > Copy snapshot > Encryption์์ Encrypt this snapshot ์ฒดํฌ > ์ด ๋ Destination Region์ ๋์ผํ Region์์ ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ํ์ฑํํ๋ฉด ์ค๋ ์ท์ด ์ํธํ ๋๋ค


โญ 3-3-3. ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท์์ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์ฒดํฌ > Create volume from snapshot
์ด ๋ ์๋์ผ๋ก Encryption ์น์ ์์ ์ํธํ๋ฅผ ์ง์ํจ.
์? underlying snapshot is encrypted


โญ 3-3-4. ๋น์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท โ ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์์ฑํ๊ธฐ
EC2 ๋์๋ณด๋ > Snapshots > ๋น์ํธํ๋ ์ค๋ ์ท ์ฒดํฌ > Create volume from snapshot > Encrypt this volume ํ์ฑํ ์ฒดํฌ > KMS key ์์ aws/ebs ํค ์ ํํ ํ ์ค๋ ์ท ์์ฑ
์ด๋ ๊ฒ ํ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋น์ํธ์ ์ค๋ ์ท์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ํธํ๋ ๋ณผ๋ฅจ์ ์์ฑํ ์ ์๋ค.